Journal: The Journal of Physiology

Article Title: Bile acids induce necrosis in pancreatic stellate cells dependent on calcium entry and sodium‐driven bile uptake

doi: 10.1113/JP272774

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , mRNA expression of selected genes encoding bile acid transporters in human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) and human hepatocytes. PCR products for the sodium–taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP, slc10A1) and sodium independent transporters, OATP4A1 ( slco4A1 ) and OATP1B3 (slco1B3) , are present in human hepatocytes; hPSCs express slc10A1 and slco4A1 , but not slco1B3 . B , immunoblotting shows expression of NTCP in different tissues; lines from the left: mass marker, hPSC, four positive controls (human liver and mouse pancreas, liver and kidney), two negative controls (mouse spleen and lung). C , immunohistofluorescence (IHF) staining for NTCP in fixed mouse tissue sections: the pancreas (upper panel) and the liver (lower panel). From the left: DAPI (blue), NTCP (white), overlay images (white arrows indicate PSCs), and transmitted light images. Insets show corresponding staining in controls without primary antibody. D , double IHF staining for NTCP and the bradykinin receptor B2 (BDKRB2). From the upper left: DAPI (blue), NTCP (green), BDKRB2 (red), fluorescence overlay (PSCs are indicated by white arrows). E and F , the comparison of homological sequences of three Na + ‐dependent mouse transporters (NTCP, ASBT and SOAT) with immunogens used for generation of the antibodies for immunoblotting ( E ) and IHF ( F ). Red letters represent amino acids identical to those in the immunogen sequence; blue letters are similar amino acids, and black letters show amino acids that are different. Only mouse NTCP sequences share high sequence identity with the immunogens.

Article Snippet: Human liver tissue lysate was obtained from Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Marker, Immunohistofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Comparison, Sequencing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Common Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Discovery Based upon Patient Clinical Outcomes and Genomic Data

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023217

Figure Lengend Snippet: The iTopia epitope binding assay was used to measure T4A and the alternately encoded T4E peptide (GLYTYWSAGE) binding to HLA-A2 compared to the percentage of maximal binding of the iTopia control peptide (FLPSDFFPSV). T4A binding to HLA-A0201 is 95% of that compared to the positive control; however, T4E binds HLA-A0201 at 24% that of the positive control. According to the manufacturer, peptides binding of >30% that of the control peptide are candidate HLA-A0201 epitopes (4A). The iTopia assay was also used to measure the ED 50 and dissociation t 1/2 of T4A to HLA-A2 relative to the iTopia positive control (FLPSDFFPSV) labeled “POS”. T4A binds with a 50% effective dose of ED 50 = 1.3 µM and a dissociation half time of t 1/2 = 1.00 hr (4B, 4C). Western blots on whole cell lysates of normal human tissue (colon, heart, liver, skin, testis and PBMC), 4 human AML samples and Jurkat cells (positive control) are shown (4D). Western blotting of Jurkat cells reveals 2 bands of roughly 100 kDa (full length TRIM42) and 50 kDa (unknown protein product). The TRIM42 band is seen at various levels in all AML samples and faintly in PBMC. No TRIM42 protein is detected in the other human tissues. GAPDH expression (40 kDa) was used as a loading control. Subcellular fractionation was performed on AML blasts and isolated healthy donor granulocytes (4E). The fractions are labeled C, cytosolic; N, nuclear; M, membrane; Sk, cytoskeletal. No TRIM42 protein is observed in granulocytes, but the same bands seen in the Jurkat cell positive control are detected in the N and Sk fractions of the AML blasts. The allele frequencies and genotypes for rs9876490, the T4A associated cSNP, in the original ethnic populations used by the International HapMap Project (CEU, HCB, JPT, YRI) are shown (4F). The T4A recipient phenotypes (and frequencies in the CEU population) are AC (0.450) or CC (0.133), and the donor genotype is AA (0.417). The predicted gIR+ in an unrelated transplant scenario can be calculated: P(AA) × P(AC + CC) and applied over a range of allele frequencies yielding the MUD SCT curve (4G). When parental genotypes are considered in the MRD SCT setting (Supplement 1) a similar curve with generally lower gIR+ frequency at each donor allele frequency is generated (4F). In the case of rs9876490 the T4A gIR+ frequency observed in our cohort (•) fits the predicted MRD SCT curve well.

Article Snippet: Normal human tissue lysates (heart, testis, colon, skin, liver) prepared using RIPA buffer and SDS sample buffer were purchased from Prosci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Control, Positive Control, Itopia Assay, Labeling, Western Blot, Expressing, Fractionation, Isolation, Membrane, Generated

Journal: Molecular cancer research : MCR

Article Title: MUC16 Promotes Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Upregulating NRP2-Associated Cell Adhesion

doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-21-0888

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Schematic illustration showing the strategy of in vitro liver metastatic model. For the liver-metastasis model, inducible MUC16 shRNA expressing PC (SW1990) cells were mixed with Fa2N4, LX-2, HUVEC cells, and human decellularized liver scaffold was mixed and grown in ultra-low attachment 96 well plates in DMEM-F12 with supplements. B, C) SW1990 MUC16 KD GFP+ 3D culture was treated with or without doxycycline, and the green, the fluorescent image was captured at different times (2 to 10 days). Representative GFP images were generated from automated live-cell imaging, a bright field microscope, and an immunofluorescence image of 3D culture. D) SW1990 MUC16 KD GFP+ cells grown in in vitro settings impersonating liver metastasis model. The growth curve is generated based on the green fluorescent protein expression in 3D culture. E) MUC16 expressing pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells clonogenic anchorage-independent cell growth curve. F, G) Light microscopy images of the sphere and corresponding green fluorescence images and GFP images from Incucyte were taken at different time points (2 to 12 days).

Article Snippet: MiaPaCa-2 (Cat# ATCC® CRL-1420), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) (Cat# ATCC® PCS-100–010), SW1990 (Cat# ATCC® CRL-2172), human microvascular endothelium (HMEC-1) (Cat# ATCC® CRL-3243), cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA).

Techniques: In Vitro, shRNA, Expressing, Generated, Live Cell Imaging, Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Light Microscopy, Fluorescence